Genetic mutations occur in a lot of ways. There is a process of protein synthesis. Any mistake in the process will cause a genetic mutation. Basically:. . DNA is copied by RNA and sent to ribosome to synthesize the protein. Protein is produced by ribosome as described by the DNA, like a recipe. If there is any mistake during the copying or synthesizing processes, then the mutations will occur. . . Also, DNA can be changed chemically or by radiation, causing the proteins to be different then the original ones, since the protein is synthesized by the description given by the DNA. DNA contains two different type of information: One is general, like human or dog, two eyes or three eyes and so on. Other one is specific information, like the eye color and so forth. Any changes in any part of those DNA will cause a genetic mutation.. . Last possibility is if there is any mistake in the mother's or father's DNA, or any mistake during the process of putting mother's and father's DNA.. . All these situations will cause a genetic mutation.. . By the way: If you move to a very hot environment from a cold environment, it will NOT cause a genetic mutation. It is adaptation, not mutation.