except for the first smarty pants, lean thinking has a lot of definitions based on its use, and the user, so you might want to research the term. there's a magazine called advanced manufacturing that might give you some good ideas in addition to what people already posted. . in a hospital setting, you could minimize the time people wait in the waiting room, or the time to file paperwork. you could have more efficient response times in treatment and how fast people get in and out. you could apply it to see how you can get more profit, find why people aren't paying, and see if there's any way around that. look at your supply chain and try to minimize it. get rid of your muda (garbage) in your operations such as wasting time and money. try to do things in batches rather than stand alone. . . this really is a very wide topic, so i wish you the best