As everyone else has said, in the US, Congress is divided into the House of Representative (HR) and the Senate. . . The Senate has two members from each state, no matter how large the state is. The HR, on the other hand, varies on the number from each state. It is based on population, with some states only having 1 Representative (like South Dakota), while other more populous states have more (53 in California for example). . . The original intention of the Constitution was to have the HR represent the people, and the Senate represent the States. The HR has always been selected by the people, but the Senate was originally selected by the state legislators. This changed with the ratification of the 17th Admendment, with made the Senators elected by the people:. . "The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.. . When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct."